Home > Market Research > Indication Areas > Sleep Disorders: Insomnia, Sleep Apnea, Restless Leg Syndrome, Bruxism, Narcolepsy and Sleepwalking

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Market Study
Published: March 2009
Pages: 286
Tables: For full details, please email keithw@cmsinfo.com
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Research from: TriMark Publications
Sector: Indication Areas

Insomnia, sleep apnea, restless leg syndrome, bruxism, narcolepsy and sleepwalking are all serious sleep disorders that possess negative?and sometimes fatal?health consequences. Often undiagnosed and thus not treated, sleep disorders can not only take a toll on personal health but can also adverse effects on personal relationships and reduce worker productivity. In examining the troubling increase in a variety of sleep disorders, this TriMark Publications report will analyze the causes and available treatments for sleep disorder sufferers. This is a particularly interesting time in the evolution of the sleep disorders market because the blockbuster drugs that have dominated this space are coming off patent protection. There has been a strong push on the part of the major pharmaceutical companies to develop or acquire replacement sources of revenue. In order to put sleep disorders in a proper context, the study begins with an examination of key characteristics of the overall sleep disorders market. The types of disorders, causes of insomnias, parasomnias and their treatments are analyzed, with the additional review of treatments including pharmaceuticals, devices (continuous positive airway pressure or CPAP machines) and others (nutraceuticals, etc.). The report goes on to describe the primary product offerings of the major companies in this market space including major classes of prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) pharmaceuticals. Finally, a review of companies developing treatments for insomnia, sleep apnea, restless leg syndrome, bruxism, narcolepsy and sleepwalking are examined.

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Table of Contents

1. Overview 9
1.1 Statement of Report 9
1.2 About This Report 9
1.3 Scope of the Report 10
1.4 Methodology 10
1.5 Executive Summary 11
1.6 U.S. Sleep Market 14
1.6.1 Sleep Drugs Market in the U.S. 14
1.6.2 U.S. Sleep Apnea Devices Market 15
1.6.3 U.S. Market for Mattresses and Other related Products 15
1.6.4 Sleep Laboratories in the U.S. 16
1.6.4.1 Locate Sleep Centers in the U.S. 18
1.7 Future of Sleep Drugs 19
1.7.1 Sleep Drugs for Jet Lag and Shift Work 19
1.7.2 Sleep Drugs for Age-related Sleep Issues 20
1.7.3 Sleep Drugs for Those Who Cannot Sleep Through the Night 21
1.7.4 Sleep Drugs for Restless Leg Syndrome 21
1.7.5 Sleep Drugs for Insomnia 22
1.7.6 Sleep Drugs for Sleep Apnea 22

2. Introduction to Sleep Disorders 23
2.1 Sleep Disorders Overview 23
2.1.1 Sleep Facts from the U.S. 24
2.1.2 Consequences of Sleep Disorder Problems 24
2.2 Physiology of Sleep 24
2.2.1 Sleep Stages 25
2.2.2 Neutral Control of Sleep 26
2.3 Current Understanding of Sleep Disorders 26
2.3.1 Hypersomnia 27
2.3.1.1 Causes of Hypersomnia 27
2.3.1.2 Demographics of Hypersomnia 27
2.3.1.3 Treatment for Hypersomnia 28
2.4 Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) 30
2.4.1 Causes of Sleep Apnea 30
2.4.2 Symptoms of Sleep Apnea 31
2.4.3 Demographics of Sleep Apnea 31
2.4.4 Diagnosis of Sleep Apnea 31
2.4.5 Treatments 32
2.4.5.1 Positional Therapy 32
2.4.5.2 Behavioral Therapy?Weight Loss 33
2.4.5.3 Oral Appliances 33
2.4.5.4 Surgery for Sleep Apnea 34
2.4.5.5 Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) Therapy 34
2.4.5.6 Medications for Sleep Apnea 34
2.4.6 The National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey on Sleep Apnea 35
2.4.6.1 Age and Sleep Apnea in Men 38
2.5 Narcolepsy 39
2.5.1 Demographics of Narcolepsy 39
2.5.2 Causes of Narcolepsy 40
2.5.3 Symptoms of Narcolepsy 40
2.5.4 Diagnosis of Narcolepsy 40
2.5.5 Treatment for Narcolepsy 40
2.6 Insomnia 41
2.6.1 Causes of Insomnia 43
2.6.2 Symptoms of Insomnia 43
2.6.3 Demographics of Insomnia 44
2.6.4 Diagnosis of Insomnia 45
2.6.5 Insomnia and Obesity 45
2.6.6 Treatments for Insomnia 47
2.6.6.1 Behavioral Treatment for Insomnia 47
2.6.6.2 Treating Insomnia with Medications 47
2.6.6.3 Alternative Remedies for Insomnia 48
2.6.7 Insomnia Market 48
2.6.8 National Sleep Foundation�s �Sleep In America Poll� 52
2.6.8.1 Benzodiazepines 53
2.6.8.2 The Short-term Gold Standard 53
2.6.8.3 Emerging Players 53
2.6.8.4 Insomnia Market Indicators 54
2.6.8.5 Newer Sedative Drugs for Insomnia in 2008 54
2.7 Restless Legs Syndrome 58
2.7.1 Demographics of RLS 59
2.7.2 Causes of RLS 59
2.7.3 Symptoms of RLS 60
2.7.4 Diagnosis of RLS 60
2.7.5 Treatments for RLS 61
2.7.5.1 Lifestyle Changes and RLS 61
2.7.5.2 Treating RLS with Pharmaceuticals 61
2.8 Circadian Rhythm Disorders 62
2.8.1 Causes of Circadian Rhythm Disorders 62
2.8.2 Symptoms 63
2.8.3 Demographics of Circadian Rhythm Disorders 63
2.8.4 Diagnosis of Circadian Rhythm Disorders 63
2.8.5 Treatments for Circadian Rhythm Disorders 64
2.9 Parasomnias 64
2.9.1 Nightmare Disorder 64
2.9.2 Sleep Terror Disorder 64
2.9.3 Sleep Walking Disorder 64
2.9.4 Demographics of Parasomnias 65
2.9.5 Causes and Symptoms of Parasomnias 65
2.9.6 Diagnosis 65
2.9.7 Treatment for Parasomnias 65

3. Drugs Used for Sleep Disorders 66
3.1 Estazolam 66
3.2 Flurazepam (Dalmane) 66
3.3 Temazepam 67
3.4 Triazolam 68
3.5 Zopiclone (Inovane) 68
3.6 Nonbenzodiazepine Hypnotics 69
3.6.1 Eszopiclone (Lunesta) 69
3.6.2 Zaleplon (Sonata) 70
3.6.3 Zolpidem (Ambien, Ambien CR) 71
3.7 Pineal Gland Hormones 73
3.7.1 Melatonin 73
3.7.2 Ramelteon (Rozerem) 73
3.8 Antihistamines 74
3.8.1 Benadryl (Diphenhydramine) 74
3.8.2 Doxylamine 74
3.9 Antidepressants 75
3.9.1 Amitriptyline (Elavil) 75
3.9.2 Nortriptyline (Pamelor) 76
3.9.3 Nefazodone (Serzone) 77
3.9.4 Trazodone (Desyrel) 77
3.9.5 Indiplon 78
3.9.6 Gaboxadol 78
3.9.7 Silenor 79
3.10 Other Substances 80
3.10.1 Lavender 80
3.10.2 Passion Flower 81
3.10.3 Ashwagandha 81
3.10.4 Catnip 83
3.10.5 Kava (Piper methysticum) 84
3.10.6 Valerian 86
3.11 Aromatherapy 87
3.12 Some OTC Sleep Gadgets in the Market 88
3.12.1 Dreamate? 88
3.12.2 Anti-snoring Pillow 88
3.12.3 Nasal Dialators 89
3.12.4 Nasal Strips 89
3.12.5 Snore Stopper 89
3.12.6 SleepMate 90
3.12.7 Antisnor Therapeutic Ring 90
3.12.8 Ayurvedic Treatment for Insomnia 91
3.12.9 Yoga for Sleep Disorders 91
3.12.10 Meditation for Sleep Disorders 93
3.12.11 Hypnosis for Sleep Disorders 94
3.13 Homeopathic Treatment for Sleep Disorders 94
3.13.1 Belladonna 94
3.13.2 Nux vomica 95
3.13.3 Chamomilla 95
3.13.4 Gelsemium 96
3.13.5 Cannabis Indica 96

4. A Guide to Better Sleep 98
4.1 The Normally Required Sleep 98
4.2 Sleep and Driving 98
4.3 Tips to Avoid Drowsy Driving 98
4.4 Tips to Find whether One has Sleep Disorders 99
4.5 A Good Night�s Sleep 99

5. Sleep Laboratories 101

6. Profiles of Companies and Their Product Offering 104
6.1 Device Companies (CPAP and Other) 104
6.1.1 AEIOmed, Inc. and Product Offerings 104
6.1.2 Chad Therapeutics, Inc. and Product Offerings 105
6.1.3 Compumedics Ltd. and Product Offerings 110
6.1.4 Puritan Bennett (Covidien) and Product Offerings 119
6.1.5 ResMed Corporation and Product Offerings 132
6.1.4 Respironics, Inc. (Philips) 143
6.2 Pharmaceutical (Prescription and OTC) Companies 154
6.2.2 Actelion Ltd. 158
6.2.3 Arena Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 163
6.2.4 Cephalon, Inc. 168
6.2.5 Eli Lilly 171
6.2.7 King Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Product Offerings 184
6.2.8 Neurogen Corporation 189
6.2.9 Neurocrine Biosciences, Inc. 196
6.2.10 Pfizer and Product Offerings 199
6.2.14 SleepMed 226
6.2.17 Takeda Pharmaceuticals North America 238
6.2.19 Wyeth 242


INDEX OF TABLES

Table 1.1: Sleep Center Locations in New York 22
Table 2.1: Drugs of Short and Long-acting Hypnotics 33
Table 2.2: Characteristics of Patients with Sleep Apnea in the NAMCS Database 40
Table 2.3: Prevalence of Sleep Apnea 42
Table 2.4: The Hallmark Symptoms of Insomnia 58
Table 2.5: The Four New Currently Available Sleeping Pills, 2008 59
Table 2.6: Cost of Newer Insomnia Drugs and Selected Older Ones, 2008 60
Table 6.1: ResMed�s Product Portfolio 134
Table 6.2: Acadia�s Programs in 2007 158
Table 6.3: Actelion�s Products in the Market, 2007 160
Table 6.4: Actelion�s Clinical Development Pipeline, 2007 163
Table 6.5: Actelion�s Consolidated Financial Position, 2007 163
Table 6.6: Actelion�s Geographic Information, 2006 and 2007 164
Table 6.7: Arena�s Independent and Partnered Research Programs as on 2007 167
Table 6.8: Cephalon�s Product Profile, 2007 171
Table 6.9: Eli lilly�s Net Sales Activity in 2007 175
Table 6.10: Trade Marks of Eli Lilly�s Products, 2007 177
Table 6.11: King�s Product Portfolio, 2007 186
Table 6.12: King�s Summary of Net Revenues by Operating Segment 187
Table 6.13: King�s Branded Prescription Products 189
Table 6.14: Neurogen�s Clinical Development Programs, 2007 191
Table 6.15: Mean LPS in Minutes 196
Table 6.16: Neurocrine�s Product Pipeline 199
Table 6.17: Pfizer�s Research and Development Pipeline as of February 2008 209
Table 6.18: Pfizer�s Revenue by Product, 2007 212
Table 6.19: Pfizer�s Revenue from Major Pharmaceutical Products, 2007 213
Table 6.20: Recent FDA Approved Products from Pfizer, 2007 213
Table 6.21: Pfizer�s Pending New Drug Applications (NDAs) and Supplemental
Filings in U.S., 2007 214
Table 6.22: Regulatory Approvals and Filings in the E.U. and Japan 214
Table 6.23: Pfizer�s Revenue by Geographic Region, 2007 215
Table 6.24: Pfizer�s Revenue by Therapeutic Area, 2007 215
Table 6.25: Sanofi�s Pharmaceutical and Human Vaccine Business, 2007 219
Table 6.26: Sanofi�s Research and Development, 2007 220
Table 6.27: Sanofi�s Vaccine Pipeline, 2007 220
Table 6.28: Net Sales of Schering-Plough�s Products, 2007 225
Table 6.29: Sepracor�s Products and Pipeline, 2007 228
Table 6.30: Sepracor�s Launch and Target Launch Dates 228
Table 6.31: Sepracor�s Selected Financial Data, 2007 229
Table 6.32: Sleepmed�s Self-Test Questionnaire 230
Table 6.33: SleepMed�s Sleep Assessment Form 231
Table 6.34: Sleepiness Scale 232
Table 6.35: Silenor Clinical Program 234
Table 6.36: Takeda�s Global Locations, 2008 235
Table 6.37: Takeda�s Net Sales by Region, 2008 237
Table 6.38: Takeda�s Research and Development Pipeline, 2008 238
Table 6.39: Takeda�s Research and Development Pipeline, 2007 240
Table 6.40: Takeda�s In-Licensing and Alliance Activities in 2007 241
Table 6.41: Number of Employees in Takeda, 2008 242
Table 6.42: Vanda�s candidates in Clinical Development 244
Table 6.43: Wyeth�s Pipeline of Products, 2007 248
Table App 1.1: Age-adjusted Percentage of Adults Engaged in Selected Health Risk
behaviors by Hours of Sleep in the U.S., 2004-2006 252
Table App 1.2: Age-adjusted Percentages of Adults Engaged in Selected Health
Risk Behavior by Sex and Hours of Sleep in the U.S., 2004-2006 253
Table App 1.3: Age-adjusted Percentages of Adults Engaged in Selected Health
Risk Behaviors by Age and Hours of Sleep in the U.S., 2004-2006 253
Table App 2.1: Most Common Adverse Events Occuring in atleast 5% of Patients 258
Table App 4.1: Sample BMIs for Weight and Height Ranges 262
Table App 4.2: U.S. Obesity Rates, 2007 262
Table App 4.3: Demographic Statistics of a Pediatric Surgical Population in the
U.S. 267
Table App 5.1: Physiological Changes during NREM and REM Sleep 272
Table App 5.2: Percent Sleep for Young Children 274
Table App 5.3: Percent Sleep for Young Adults 275
Table App 5.4: Percent Sleep for Elderly Adults 275
Table App 6.1: Current Sleep Related Clinical Trials 278
Table App 6.2: Just Completed and On-going Clinical Trials for Circadian Rhythm
Sleep Disorders 278


INDEX OF FIGURES

Figure 1.1: Total market for Leading Sleep Drugs, 2007 17
Figure 1.2: Sleep Product�s Market Share in 2007 17
Figure 1.3: Percent Market Share of Leading CPAP Devices, 2008 18
Figure 1.4: U.S. Rx and OTC Sleeping Pills Market, 2003-2007 18
Figure 1.5: U.S. CPAP Sleep Apnea Devices Market, 2003-2007 19
Figure 1.6: U.S. Mattresses and Foundations Retail Market, 2003-2008 20
Figure 1.7: U.S. Sleep Lab Revenues, 2003-2007 20
Figure 1.8: Number of Accredited Sleep labs in the U.S., 2003-2007 21
Figure 1.9: U.S. Growth of Sleep Center Beds in 2009 21
Figure 1.10: Circadin�s Effect on the Improvement in Quality of Sleep 24
Figure 2.1: Hours of Sleep in a Sample U.S. Population, 2008 27
Figure 2.2: Person Wearing Electrodes for EGG 29
Figure 2.3: Portable Recording Device for EEG 29
Figure 2.4: Treatment Effects on Patients with Hypersomnia 33
Figure 2.5: Adults with Sleep Apnea Symptoms who Sought Medical Care in the
U.S., 2006 34
Figure 2.6: Open Throat 36
Figure 2.7: Closed Throat in an Apnea Patient 36
Figure 2.8: Mandibular Advancement Device (MAD) for Sleep Apnea 37
Figure 2.9: Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) Treatment 38
Figure 2.10: Sleep Apnea Percentage by Medical Specialty as Reported by NAMCS 41
Figure 2.11: NAMCS Ages of Sleep Apnea Patients 41
Figure 2.12: Age-specific Prevalence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Diagnosed 43
Figure 2.13: Prevalence of Sleep Aid use by Age Group in the U.S., 1998-2006 45
Figure 2.14: Percentage of Sleep Aid Users Younger Than 45 Years old in the
U.S., 1998-2006 46
Figure 2.15: Prevalence of mental health Diagnosis Made in First Sleep Aid Users
by Provider Type 47
Figure 2.16: Common Symptoms of Insomnia 48
Figure 2.17: Insomnia Patient Population, 2007 49
Figure 2.18: Obesity Prevalence by Age and Sex in the U.S., 2005-2006 50
Figure 2.19: Prevalence of Obesity in U.S. Women by Age and Race/Ethnicity,
2005-2006 50
Figure 2.20: The Globally Growing Market for Insomnia, 2001-2006 53
Figure 2.21: Global Prescription for Insomnia Products, 2001-2006 53
Figure 2.22: Global Sales of Insomnia Drugs, 2007 54
Figure 2.23: Projected Global Insomnia Market, 2005-2009 55
Figure 2.24: Frequency of Insomnia Symptoms in the U.S. Adult Population 55
Figure 2.25: U.S. Sleep market � Under Penetrated 56
Figure 2.26: Projected U.S. Sleep Market Growth in 2009 57
Figure 2.27: Time to Sleep for RLS Sufferers 62
Figure 2.28: Times RLS Sufferers Woken at Night 63
Figure 2.29: RLS Sufferers Referred to Specialists by Country 64
Figure 3.1: Dalmane�s Market, 2005-2007 71
Figure 3.2: Global Market for Lunesta, 2005-2007 74
Figure 3.3: Sonata�s (Zaleplon) Sales, 2005-2007 75
Figure 3.4: Total Sales for Four Leading Brands of Sleeping Pills, 2007 76
Figure 3.5: WASO 84
Figure 5.1: Number of Accredited Sleep Labs in the U.S., 2003-2007 105
Figure 5.2: Sleep Monitoring Revenue Distribution by Provider Type in the
U.S.,2006 106
Figure 5.3: U.S. Sleep Lab Revenues, 2003-2007 106
Figure 6.1: Chad�s Business for the Six Months Ended September, 2007 and 2006
111
Figure 6.2: Chad�s Research and Development Expenditure for Six Months Ended
September, 2007 and 2006 111
Figure 6.3: Chad�s Business in Geographic Region/Country for Six Months Ended
September, 2007 112
Figure 6.4: Compumedics� Revenue, 2003-2008 113
Figure 6.5: Compumedics� Research and Development (R&D) Expenditure, 2007-2008
113
Figure 6.6: Compumedics� Business Revenue from the U.S., 2003-2008 114
Figure 6.7: Compumedics� Global Sleep Diagnostic Market, 2008 114
Figure 6.8: Compumedics� Global Brain Research Market, 2008 115
Figure 6.9: Compumedics� Global Neurodiagnostics Market, 2008 115
Figure 6.10: Compumedics� Global Neuromedical Supplies Market, 2008 116
Figure 6.11: Compumedics� Global Doppler Ultrasound Market, 2008 116
Figure 6.12: Covidien�s Medical Device Business Sales, 2005-2007 123
Figure 6.13: Covidien�s Pharmaceutical Products Business Sales, 2005-2007 123
Figure 6.14: Covidien�s Imaging Solutions Business Sales, 2005-2007 124
Figure 6.15: Covidien�s Medical Supplies Business Sales, 2005-2007 124
Figure 6.16: Covidien�s Retail Products Business Sales, 2005-2007 125
Figure 6.17: Covidien�s Net Sales by Geographic Area, 2007 125
Figure 6.18: Covidien�s Research and Development Expenditure, 2005-2007 126
Figure 6.19: ResMed�s Percent Net Revenue from North and Latin America,
2006-2008 136
Figure 6.20: ResMed�s Percent Net Revenue from Europe, 2006-2008 137
Figure 6.21: ResMed�s Percent Net Revenue from Asia Pacific, 2006-2008 137
Figure 6.22: Number of Employees in ResMed and its Subsidiaries, 2008 138
Figure 6.23: ResMed�s Consolidated Statement of Income Data, 2004-2008 138
Figure 6.24: ResMed�s Research and Development Expenditure, 2004-2008 139
Figure 6.25: Respironics� Business, 2006-2007 145
Figure 6.26: SomnoMed�s OSA Global Market Size Projection, 2007-2018 155
Figure 6.27: Growth Projection for Somnomed MAS, 2005-2010 156
Figure 6.28: Acadia�s Revenue, 2003-2007 159
Figure 6.29: Acadia�s Research and Development Expenses, 2003-2007 159
Figure 6.30: Actelion�s Sales Revenue from Three of its Brands, 2007 161
Figure 6.31: Actelion�s Revenue, 2007-2008 161
Figure 6.32: Actelion�s Net Revenues and Net Income, 2006-2007 162
Figure 6.33: Actelion�s Sales Revenue, 2006-2008 162
Figure 6.34: Arena�s Research Expenditure, 2005-2007 168
Figure 6.35: Arrena�s Revenue, 2003-2007 169
Figure 6.36: Arena�s Revenue from Partnered Programs, 2005-2007 169
Figure 6.37: Provigil Sales Revenue in 2007 170
Figure 6.38: Cephalon�s Percent Net Sales of Provigil, Fentora and Actiq, 2007
171
Figure 6.39: Cephalon�s Consolidated Total Revenue, 2003-2007 172
Figure 6.40: Cephalon�s Research and Development Expenditure, 2006-2007 172
Figure 6.41: Cephalon�s Total Sales Revenue of Products by Segment, 2007 173
Figure 6.42: Eli Lilly�s Products Launched this Decade Contributed $6.0 Billion
in 2007 174
Figure 6.43: Eli Lilly�s Six Products Exeeded $1.0 Billion in Net Sales, 2007
174
Figure 6.44: Eli Lilly�s Growth Across Therapeutic Areas, 2007 175
Figure 6.45: Eli Lilly�s Gross Margin, 2003-2007 176
Figure 6.46: Eli Lilly�s Increased Research and Development Investment,
2003-2007 176
Figure 6.47: GSK�s Top Five Consumer Healthcare Products by Turnover, 2007 178
Figure 6.48: GSK�s Employee Numbers by Region, 2007 179
Figure 6.49: GSK�s Respiratory Products� Turnover, 2007 179
Figure 6.50: GSK�s Central Nervous System Products� Turnover, 2007 180
Figure 6.51: GSK�s HIV Products� Turnover, 2007 180
Figure 6.52: GSK�s Herpes Products� Turnover, 2007 181
Figure 6.53: GSK�s Metabolic Products� Turnover, 2007 181
Figure 6.54: GSK�s Vaccines� Turnover, 2007 182
Figure 6.55: GSK�s Cardiovascular and Urogenital Products� Turnover, 2007 183
Figure 6.56: GSK�s Oncology and Emesis Products� Turnover, 2007 183
Figure 6.57: GSK�s Pharmaceutical Turnover from the U.S. and Europe, 2007 184
Figure 6.58: GSK�s Pharmaceuticals Turnover in the International market, 2007
184
Figure 6.59: GSK�s Total Turnover of Pharmaceuticals and Consumer Healthcare,
2005-2007 185
Figure 6.60: GSK�s Research and Development Expenditure, 2005-2007 185
Figure 6.61: King�s Net Sales of Neuroscience Products, 2007 187
Figure 6.62: King�s Net Sales of Hospital Products, 2007 188
Figure 6.63: King�s Net Sales of Acute care Products, 2007 188
Figure 6.64: King�s Net Sales of Cardiovascular/Metabolic Products, 2007 189
Figure 6.66: King�s Research Expenditure, 2005-2007 190
Figure 6.67: Neurogen�s Research and Development Expenditure, 2005-2007 192
Figure 6.68: Funding by Neurogen�s Collaborative Partners in Research and
Development, 2005-2007 192
Figure 6.69: Neurogen�s Business, 2003-2007 193
Figure 6.70: Mean LPS in Minutes for Each Arm of the Study 195
Figure 6.71: Neurocrine�s Total Revenue, 2002-2006 198
Figure 6.72: Neurocrine�s Research and Development Expenditure, 2002-2006 199
Figure 6.73: Pfizer�s Revenue, 2005-2007 202
Figure 6.74: Pfizer�s Research and Development Expenditure, 2005-2007 202
Figure 6.75: Pfizer�s Sales Revenue from its Pharmaceutical Medicines, 2007 203
Figure 6.76: Pfizer�s Revenue from Pharmaceutical Medicines, 2007 204
Figure 6.77: Pfizer�s Sales Revenue from its Pharmaceutical Products, 2007 206
Figure 6.78: Pfizer�s Sales Revenue from its Pharmaceutical Products, 2007 207
Figure 6.79: Pfizer�s Sales Revenue from its Other Pharmaceutical Products, 2007
208
Figure 6.80: Projected Global Market for Pharmaceutical Medicines by Disease
Segment, 2012 208
Figure 6.81: Pfizer�s Revenue by Business Segments, 2005-2007 211
Figure 6.82: Pfizer�s Revenue by Segment, 2007 212
Figure 6.83: Sanofi�s Business, 2004-2007 216
Figure 6.84: Sanofi�s Business in 2007 217
Figure 6.85: Sanofi�s Top Five Pharmaceutical�s Sales in 2007 218
Figure 6.86: Sanofi�s Global Sales of Flavix in 2007 218
Figure 6.87: Sanofi�s Human Vaccine Business in 2007 219
Figure 6.88: Shering-Plough�s Consolidated Sales Revenue, 2005-2007 222
Figure 6.89: Shering-Plough�s Human Prescription Pharmaceutical Sales, 2005-2007
222
Figure 6.90: Shering-Plough�s Animal Health Product�s Revenue, 2005-2007 223
Figure 6.91: Shering-plough�s Consumer Healthcare Revenue, 2005-2007 223
Figure 6.92: Shering-Plough�s Research and Development Expenditure, 2005-2007
224
Figure 6.93: Shering-Plough�s Sales Revenue from Top Seven Human Prescription
Pharmaceuticals, 2007 225
Figure 6.94: Sepracor�s Total Revenue, 2003-2007 226
Figure 6.95: Sepracor�s Revenue from Lunesta, 2005-2007 227
Figure 6.96: Sepracor�s Revenue from Xoponex, 2005-2007 227
Figure 6.97: Sepracor�s Employee Distribution, 2007 229
Figure 6.98: Somaxon�s Research and Development Expenditure, 2004-2007 233
Figure 6.99: Takeda�s Business, 2006-2008 236
Figure 6.100: Takeda�s Net Sales by Region, 2006-2008 236
Figure 6.101: Takeda�s Research and Development Expenditure, 2006-2008 237
Figure 6.102: Takeda�s Performance in Europe, 2003-2007 238
Figure 6.103: Net Sales of Actos, 2007 239
Figure 6.104: Total Global Pharmaceutical market by Region in 2007 239
Figure 6.105: Takeda�s Net Sales of International Strategic Products, 2007 243
Figure 6.106: Takeda�s Net Sales by Region, 2007 243
Figure 6.107: Wyeth�s Sales Revenue, 2006-2007 245
Figure 6.108: Wyeth�s Pharmaceutical Sales Revenue, 2007 246
Figure 6.109: Wyeth�s Business, 2004-2007 246
Figure 6.110: Wyeth�s Research and Development Expenditure, 2004-2007 247
Figure 6.111: Wyeth�s Revenue by Segment, 2004-2007 247
Figure 6.112: Valeant Pharmaceuticals� Total Revenue, 2003-2007 249
Figure 6.113: Valeant Pharmaceuticals� Research and Development Expenditure,
2003-2007 250
Figure 6.114: Valeant Pharmaceuticals� Total Turnover in Neurology Products,
2005-2007 250
Figure 6.115: Valeant Pharmaceuticals� Total Turnover of Dermatology Products,
2005-2007 251
Figure 6.116: Valeant Pharmaceuticals� Total Turnover for Infectious Diseases
Products, 2005-2007 251
Figure App 1.1: Age-adjusted Percentage of Hours of Sleep in a Day Among Adults
in the U.S., 2006 252
Figure App 1.2: Age-adjusted Percentage of Adults Who Currently Smoked
Cigarettes and Age-adjusted Percentage Who Had Five or More Drinks in a Day in
the U.S., 2004-2005 254
Figure App 1.3: Age-adjusted Percentage of Adults Who Were Physically Inactive
and Age-adjusted Percentage of Adults Who Were Obese by Usual Hours of Sleep in
a Day in the U.S., 2004-2006 255
Figure App 2.1: Mean Change from Baseline to Final Visit in Functional Outcomes
of FOSQ Domain Scores by Treatment Group 257
Figure App 4.1: Prevalence of Obesity among Adult Men and Women, 2005-2006 261
Figure App 4.2: Obesity Prevalence by Age and Sex in the U.S., 2006 263
Figure App 4.3: Trends in Obesity by Sex 20 Years and Older in the U.S.,
2000-2006 264
Figure App 4.4: Prevalence of Obesity among Males by Age, Race/Ethnicity in the
U.S., 2005-2006 264
Figure App 4.5: Prevalence of Obesity in Women by Age, Race/Ethnicity in the
U.S., 2005-2006 265
Figure App 4.6: Projected Childhood Obesity in LA County, 2001-2010 266
Figure App 4.7: American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Classification by
Weight Group 267
Figure App 4.8: Age Group and Gender-Specific Prevalence (%) of Overweight and
Obesity 268
Figure App 5.1: Progression of Sleep States across a Single Night in Young
Adults 270
Figure App 5.2: Characteristic EEG Activity of Each of the Four Stages of NREM
Sleep 271
Figure App 7.1: Time of Occurrence of Crashes for 25 Years of Age or Younger 282
Figure App 7.2: Time of Occurrence of Crashes for Drivers between 25 and 46
Years of Age 282
Figure App 7.3: Time of Occurrence of Crashes for Drivers between 45 and 66
Years of Age 283
Figure App 7.4: Time of Occurrence of Crashes for Drivers Older than 65 Years
283
Figure App 7.5: Interaction between Alcohol and Sleepiness 285
Figure App 7.6: Percent Crashes by the Young Men 285

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